Resona Line User Manual

Resona Line calculates one uniform transmission line between a source-side input and a passive complex load. It works locally and can be used on its own or with a Feed result transferred explicitly from Resona Antenna.

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1. What you can calculate

Use Resona Line to inspect input impedance, input and load SWR, matched-line loss, delivered and dissipated power, efficiency, values along the cable and their change across frequency.

The load end is the load plane. The transceiver or tuner end is the input plane. The entered physical length is the distance between them.

2. Before entering values

Describe a finite load as R + jX ohms. Resistance must be zero or positive. Positive reactance is inductive and negative reactance is capacitive. For example, enter resistance 36 ohm and reactance -18 ohm for 36 - j18 ohm.

Resona Line accepts the decimal separator selected in the application settings. Include units with frequency, impedance, length and power values.

3. Main window

The left side contains line/load input, Calculate, status and manual sweep controls. The right side contains the compact result, Result provenance and four result tabs: Summary, Along line, Sweep table and Charts.

On a small or highly scaled display, scroll the input side. Table cells and status text are selectable for inspection and copying.

4. Select a line type

Custom is the first and default choice. It keeps characteristic impedance, velocity factor and attenuation editable.

Built-in choices include ideal 50-ohm and 75-ohm references plus conservative references for RG-58/U, RG-59/U, RG-8/U foam, RG-213/U and 450-ohm ladder line. Selecting one fills its three line-owned fields and makes them read-only. Changing frequency refreshes preset attenuation. Returning to Custom restores the manual values you had entered.

A family name does not certify your particular cable. Check the profile note and result provenance, then compare with the cable maker's current data when accuracy matters.

5. Frequency

Enter one positive frequency, for example 14.2 MHz, 7100 kHz or 14200000 Hz. A built-in line reference works only inside its stated frequency range. If attenuation becomes unavailable, choose a valid frequency or another appropriate line type.

6. Load resistance and reactance

Load resistance is the real part in ohms and cannot be negative. Load reactance (X) is signed: positive for inductive and negative for capacitive.

The values describe the impedance at the load plane, not the impedance already seen at the transceiver. Resona Line calculates the latter.

7. Characteristic impedance

For Custom, enter positive real Z0, commonly 50 ohm or 75 ohm. A built-in reference supplies this value automatically.

Z0 is a property of the uniform line. It is not the same as load impedance and is not a requested target impedance.

8. Physical length

Enter a positive cable length with a supported unit, for example 10 m or 250 cm. Physical length combines with velocity factor and frequency to determine electrical phase.

Changing only the length of a lossless line rotates the reflection phase and does not reduce SWR. A lower input SWR caused by line loss represents dissipated power, not a lossless match.

9. Velocity factor

For Custom, enter a value greater than zero and no greater than one. The velocity factor describes wave speed relative to free space and determines the wavelength inside the line. Presets provide their reference value.

10. Attenuation

For Custom, enter a non-negative value in dB per meter at the current frequency. The value is treated as constant during a manual sweep.

Built-in references calculate attenuation as frequency changes. Either value is an analytic assumption. It does not include every connector, bend, temperature, moisture or aging effect in a real installation.

11. Accepted input power

Enter positive accepted input power such as 100 W. It enables RMS voltage, RMS current, delivered load power, line dissipation and efficiency results.

These values are calculated operating estimates. They are not cable heating, connector, dielectric breakdown or safe-power ratings.

12. Run one calculation

1. Choose Custom or a built-in line type.
2. Enter frequency and load R/X.
3. Enter or review Z0, length, velocity factor and attenuation.
4. Enter accepted input power.
5. Press Calculate.
6. Read the status and compact result.
7. Open the detailed result tabs as needed.

The application validates every field first. An error marks the related field, provides a readable message and retains the last valid result.

13. Compact result and Summary

The compact result shows input impedance, input SWR, load SWR and matched-line loss.

The Summary table also includes frequency, wavelength, one-way electrical length, delivered load power, line dissipation and efficiency. Open/short and infinite-SWR states use words instead of arbitrary placeholder numbers.

Certified continuous-power and breakdown values remain unavailable because the calculator does not know the complete cable construction and installation.

14. Along line

The Along line table has 101 evenly spaced positions from zero at the input to the full length at the load. Each row can show:

• distance from input in meters;
• local resistance and reactance;
• total RMS voltage;
• total RMS current;
• net forward real power.

Finite cells display two decimal places, but the calculation retains full precision. Voltage, current and power need accepted input power. An unavailable quantity is labeled rather than replaced with zero.

Use the table to find standing-wave maxima/minima and inspect power flow. Do not use it as electrical or thermal certification.

15. Manual frequency sweep

Run Calculate successfully before starting a manual sweep. The sweep reuses the last committed load, line type and remaining line parameters.

Enter a positive Sweep start, a greater Sweep stop, and Points from 2 through 2001. Press Run sweep. Both endpoints are included and the points are evenly spaced.

Invalid sweep controls retain the preceding sweep. Rows outside a selected profile's stated range remain explicitly unavailable.

16. Sweep table

The table reports frequency, row state, load and input R/X, input/load SWR, matched loss, delivered/dissipated power and efficiency.

Finite values display two decimal places. Copy and export keep full precision. Rows separately identify available, missing, undefined, outside-range and failed values. Infinite SWR and unavailable numbers remain explicit.

17. SWR chart

The SWR chart shows input standing-wave ratio across the sweep. The frequency axis automatically uses Hz, kHz or MHz. Read the table when an exact source value is required.

18. R / X chart

This chart shows input resistance with a solid trace and signed reactance with a dashed trace. Text labels and different line styles keep the two series distinguishable without relying only on color.

19. Smith chart

The Smith chart plots the input reflection coefficient. It includes the real axis, constant-resistance and constant-reactance guides, a matched center and visible start/end markers. The chart is a view of the sweep, not a matching network designer.

20. Result provenance

Expand Result provenance to inspect the source, Feed description, reference impedance, calculation identity, selected line profile, profile source, assumptions, license and result state.

Manual results hide generated identifiers that have no normal user value. Imported Resona Antenna results keep their source revision and stable Feed/Document identifiers for troubleshooting.

21. Copy TSV and Export CSV

Copy TSV places the current sweep on the clipboard. Export CSV… asks for a destination and writes the equivalent comma-separated data safely.

Both outputs use a decimal point, preserve up to 17 significant digits and remain independent of visible two-decimal table rounding. Unavailable numeric fields stay empty while the row state explains why.

22. Open a Feed result from Resona Antenna

In Resona Antenna, complete a calculation or sweep, open Results, select the required Feed in Feed for Resona Line, and choose Open in Resona Line…. Select a location for the transfer file.

Resona Line checks the complete file before changing its result. Stale or incomplete input asks for confirmation. Cancel, unreadable data or invalid content leaves the current Line result untouched.

After a successful transfer, Line returns to Custom, adopts the source reference impedance and calculates available frequency/load rows. Missing and undefined rows remain visible. The antenna project is not edited or marked as changed.

23. Common errors

If a calculation is rejected:

• read the complete Error: text;
• check required units and the configured decimal separator;
• require positive frequency, Z0, physical length and power;
• keep velocity factor greater than zero and no greater than one;
• keep attenuation non-negative;
• check the selected profile's frequency range;
• complete Calculate before Run sweep.

The previous valid result stays visible so that a typing mistake does not erase your reference result.

24. Language, keyboard and accessibility

English is built in and Ukrainian is available when installed. A language change applies after restart; missing language resources fall back to English.

Inputs have labels and accessible names. The Tab route follows line type, manual fields, Calculate and sweep controls. Errors are communicated with text, not color alone. Results and tables are selectable, and the interface supports operating-system text scaling.

25. Files, privacy and removal

Resona Line has no account, cloud storage, telemetry or automatic updater. Calculations do not require a network connection. Manual values and selected tabs are not saved as a Line project. Files are written only after explicit transfer or export actions.

Keep the installed application directory complete. Removing that directory removes the program files; shared language/number preferences may remain in the normal per-user settings location.

26. Model and safety limits

The calculator models one uniform two-conductor line with positive real Z0 and one passive load. It does not include cascaded sections, tuners, transformers, matching stubs, connector discontinuities, common-mode current, cable radiation, weather or manufacturing tolerance.

It does not promise that a cable length can transform an arbitrary load to 50 + j0 ohm. Results do not certify tuning, range, efficiency, safe power, breakdown voltage, RF exposure or installation safety. Confirm important work with current cable documentation, appropriate measurements and sound RF practice.